Induction 1: Overgeneralization
The speaker assumes that all similar situations will be the same based on one experience. This prevents the speaker from seeing the various possibilities and opportunities, and the speech conveys an “absolute” meaning.
Example
“He can never have a proper conversation with me.”
The speaker may have drawn this sweeping negative conclusion based on a few unpleasant conversations, clearly exaggerating and denying the facts.
Solution Direction: Identify Exceptions
Look for counterexamples: “Never? Even when you were married?”
Follow the direction to draw absurd conclusions: “Since he can never have a proper conversation with you, how did you two get to know each other, date, and get married?”
Induction 2: Limiting Beliefs
The speaker harbors some erroneous beliefs about the rationality or possibility of things, creating a box that limits themselves, which is reflected in their speech.
Example“I’ve tried to quit smoking many times and failed; I can’t do it.”
“Can’t” and “unable to” are typical expressions of limiting beliefs. This way of expressing not only denies the possibility of self-change but also reinforces a sense of powerlessness.
Solution Direction: See Possibilities
Explore the source of beliefs: “Where does this idea come from? Are there specific experiences that led you to think this way?”
Change the focus: “Under what conditions do you think you could successfully quit smoking?”
Induction 3: Value Judgment
The sentence clearly shows a value judgment but does not state the source of this judgment, lacking specific basis and context.
Example
“I feel like a failure; I can’t do anything right.”
“A failure” and “can’t do anything right” are typical expressions of value judgment. These judgments do not specify the criteria on which they are based, nor do they indicate who made such evaluations.
Solution Direction: Clarify Standards
“When you say you feel like a failure, what standards or expectations are you judging by? Are these standards from yourself, or from others or societal expectations?”
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