Current Development Status of Cutting-Edge Artificial Intelligence: Algorithms and Models

The three fundamental elements of artificial intelligence are data, computing power, and algorithms, which are interdependent and mutually supportive, driving the rapid development of artificial intelligence. This article will outline the current development status of cutting-edge artificial intelligence from the perspective of algorithms and models.

Status of Algorithm and Model Development

As one of the core elements of the development of the artificial intelligence industry, an algorithm refers to a prescribed finite, abstract, effective, and composite control structure that achieves specific goals under certain rules, exhibiting various forms such as neural networks, convolutional neural networks, machine learning, and deep learning. For computers, an algorithm is the principle and guidelines for processing information. Ideally, algorithms can formalize human thinking processes and input them into computers, allowing them to continuously execute commands to achieve set goals. On November 30, 2022, AI large models represented by ChatGPT emerged as a new form of algorithmic “products,” pushing algorithms into the era of AI large models. Within just a week of its release, ChatGPT had over 1 million users, and by the end of January 2023, just two months after its launch, its monthly active users had surpassed 100 million. As the fastest-growing consumer application in history, ChatGPT has become a phenomenal product that is wildly popular worldwide.

The Transformer Architecture Initiates a Rapid Development Era for Algorithm Models, with Multi-modal General AI Large Models Becoming a Development Trend.In 2017, Google revolutionarily proposed the Transformer architecture based on the self-attention mechanism, laying the foundation for the pre-training algorithm architecture of large models. In 2018, the release of GPT-1 by OpenAI and BERT by Google marked the mainstream adoption of pre-trained large models in the field of natural language processing. The new neural network architecture represented by Transformer established the algorithmic architecture foundation for large models, initiating a new era of large model development, which has evolved through single-language pre-trained models, multi-language pre-trained models, and multi-modal pre-trained models, with multi-modal general AI large models becoming the mainstream development trend.
China’s AI Large Model Count and Development Entities Are Substantial, Providing New Momentum for Market Growth.In May 2023, the New Generation Artificial Intelligence Development Research Center of the Ministry of Science and Technology released the “Research Report on the Map of Chinese Artificial Intelligence Large Models,” showing that over 80% of the globally released cognitive large models are from the United States and China, with China ranking second in the number of large models developed, and more than half of these models being open-sourced. Liu Liehong, Director of the National Data Bureau, revealed at the China Development Forum 2024 that as of March 25, 2024, China had more than 100 large models with over 1 billion parameters, with large tech companies, research institutes, and startup teams becoming the main forces in large model development. On April 2, 2024, the National Internet Information Office announced that as of March 2024, 117 large models in China had successfully registered. AI large models have transitioned from specialized AI workshops to general AI large-scale industrial production, continually deepening their implementation in vertical application fields, providing new momentum for market growth..

(Excerpt from the book “Cutting-Edge Artificial Intelligence: Development and Governance,” with edits)

Current Development Status of Cutting-Edge Artificial Intelligence: Algorithms and Models

Cutting-Edge Artificial Intelligence: Development and Governance

Chief Editor: Liang Zheng
China Development Publishing House
Current Development Status of Cutting-Edge Artificial Intelligence: Algorithms and Models

Book Introduction

The book “Cutting-Edge Artificial Intelligence: Development and Governance” is advised by Xue Lan, a senior professor and doctoral advisor at Tsinghua University, and the Dean of the Schwarzman College at Tsinghua University. Liang Zheng, a professor at the School of Public Administration at Tsinghua University and Vice President of the International Governance Research Institute of Artificial Intelligence, serves as the editor. This book presents the latest developments of China’s AI large models based on the interpretation of the technical principles and functional characteristics of cutting-edge artificial intelligence, showcasing the value prospects of “artificial intelligence + multi-scenarios” through vivid cases, identifying the risks and challenges arising in the development, deployment, and application of technology, and comparing the AI governance models of economies such as the United States and the European Union, deeply analyzing the current situation and challenges of international AI governance, and proposing development directions and future paradigms for constructing a cutting-edge AI governance system, aiming to provide strong support and useful references for the healthy development and effective governance of artificial intelligence.

Table of Contents (Swipe Up to View)

Chapter 1 Understanding Cutting-Edge Artificial Intelligence
1. Cutting-edge Artificial Intelligence: From ChatGPT to Sora
(1) The Origin and Development of Artificial Intelligence
(2) The Connotation of Cutting-Edge Artificial Intelligence
2. Characteristics and Functions of Cutting-Edge Artificial Intelligence
(1) Characteristics of Cutting-Edge Artificial Intelligence
(2) Functions of Cutting-Edge Artificial Intelligence
3. Advantages and Limitations of Cutting-Edge Artificial Intelligence
(1) Advantages of Cutting-Edge Artificial Intelligence
(2) Limitations of Cutting-Edge Artificial Intelligence
Chapter 2 Development and Application of Cutting-Edge Artificial Intelligence
1. Current Development Status of Cutting-Edge Artificial Intelligence
(1) Current Status of Data Element Development
(2) Current Status of Computing Power Element Development
(3) Current Status of Algorithm and Model Development
(4) Cutting-Edge Artificial Intelligence: Development and Governance
2. Overview of the Industrial Ecosystem of Cutting-Edge Artificial Intelligence
(1) Current Status of Industrial Development of Cutting-Edge Artificial Intelligence
(2) Current Status of Commercial Deployment of Cutting-Edge Artificial Intelligence
(3) Trends of Industrial Transformation of Cutting-Edge Artificial Intelligence
3. Application Prospects of Cutting-Edge Artificial Intelligence
(1) Functional Application Scenarios
(2) Horizontal Field Application Scenarios
(3) Vertical Field Application Scenarios
4. Industrial Practices of “Artificial Intelligence +” Actions
(1) Artificial Intelligence + Industry
(2) Artificial Intelligence + Government Affairs
(3) Artificial Intelligence + Education
(4) Artificial Intelligence + Finance
(5) Artificial Intelligence + Healthcare
Chapter 3 Potential Risks of Cutting-Edge Artificial Intelligence…
1. Standards for Risk Classification
2. Risks Based on Technology Itself
(1) Data Privacy Breach
(2) Algorithm Discrimination and Bias
(3) Content Errors
3. Risks Based on Technology Development
(1) Data Property Rights Issues
(2) Psychological Issues
(3) Environmental Issues
4. Risks Based on Technology Application
(1) Digital Divide and Social Inequality
(2) Intellectual Property Disputes
(3) Deep Forgery
(4) Ideological Infiltration
(5) Risks of Triggering Loss of Control
(6) Threats to National Security
Chapter 4 International Governance of Cutting-Edge Artificial Intelligence
1. International Comparison of Governance Models for Cutting-Edge Artificial Intelligence
(1) Governance Model for Cutting-Edge Artificial Intelligence in the United States
(2) Governance Model for Cutting-Edge Artificial Intelligence in Europe
(3) Governance Models for Cutting-Edge Artificial Intelligence in Other Countries
(4) Insights for China’s AI Governance from International Experiences
2. Constructing an International Governance System for Cutting-Edge Artificial Intelligence
(1) Forming a Foundation: International Consensus on Potential Risks of Cutting-Edge Artificial Intelligence
(2) Facing Challenges: International Discrepancies in Development and Governance of Cutting-Edge Artificial Intelligence
(3) Entry Points for Establishing an International Governance System: Building an Open and Inclusive International Platform
(4) China’s Participation in the Construction of International Governance Systems for Cutting-Edge Artificial Intelligence: Development and Governance
Chapter 5 Constructing a Governance System for Cutting-Edge Artificial Intelligence
1. Concept and Logic – How to Understand AI Governance
(1) Definition of AI Governance
(2) Multi-dimensional Levels and Perspectives of AI Governance
2. Collaboration and Agility – How to Construct an AI Governance System
(1) Governance Dilemmas Facing National AI Governance
(2) Two-Pronged Approach: Balancing Development and Governance
(3) Collaborative Action: Promoting Participation of Multiple Entities in Governance
(4) Model Construction: Promoting Improved Agile Governance
3. History and Beyond – Responding to New Changes in AI Governance
(1) Paradigm Shift in China’s Adaptive Governance of AI
(2) Paradigm Transition in China’s AI Governance
Appendix: Review of Major AI Events in 2023
1. China’s Large Model Section
2. China’s AI Policy Section
3. International Governance Section
4. Tech Giants Section

Current Development Status of Cutting-Edge Artificial Intelligence: Algorithms and Models

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