The rapid development of artificial intelligence will profoundly change human social life and the world. To seize the major strategic opportunities for the development of artificial intelligence, build our country’s first-mover advantage in artificial intelligence development, and accelerate the construction of an innovative country and a world science and technology power, this plan is formulated in accordance with the requirements of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council.
1. Strategic Situation
The development of artificial intelligence has entered a new stage. After more than 60 years of evolution, especially under the joint drive of new theories and technologies such as mobile internet, big data, supercomputing, sensor networks, and brain science, as well as the strong demand for economic and social development, artificial intelligence has accelerated its development, showing new characteristics such as deep learning, cross-border integration, human-machine collaboration, collective intelligence openness, and autonomous control. Big data-driven knowledge learning, cross-media collaborative processing, human-machine collaborative enhanced intelligence, collective integrated intelligence, and autonomous intelligent systems have become the focus of artificial intelligence development. Inspired by the research results of brain science, brain-like intelligence is on the verge of development, and the trend of chip-based hardware and platformization is becoming more apparent. The development of artificial intelligence has entered a new stage. Currently, the overall advancement of disciplines related to the new generation of artificial intelligence, theoretical modeling, technological innovation, and software and hardware upgrades is triggering chain breakthroughs, accelerating the leap from digitalization and networking to intelligence in various fields of economic and social development.
Artificial intelligence has become a new focus of international competition. Artificial intelligence is a strategic technology that leads the future. The major developed countries in the world regard the development of artificial intelligence as a major strategy to enhance national competitiveness and maintain national security, and are accelerating the formulation of plans and policies to strengthen deployment around core technologies, top talents, standards, and norms, striving to gain dominance in the new round of international scientific and technological competition. Currently, the situation of national security and international competition in our country is becoming more complicated, and we must look at the world and systematically plan the development of artificial intelligence at the national strategic level, firmly grasp the strategic initiative of international competition in the new stage of artificial intelligence development, create new competitive advantages, expand new development space, and effectively ensure national security.
Artificial intelligence has become a new engine for economic development. As the core driving force of a new round of industrial transformation, artificial intelligence will further release the huge energy accumulated in previous technological revolutions and industrial transformations, creating a new powerful engine that reconstructs all links of economic activities such as production, distribution, exchange, and consumption, forming new intelligent needs in various fields from macro to micro, giving birth to new technologies, new products, new industries, new business formats, and new models, triggering significant changes in economic structure, profoundly changing human production and lifestyle, and achieving an overall leap in social productivity. Our country’s economic development has entered a new normal, and the task of deepening supply-side structural reform is extremely arduous, so we must accelerate the deep application of artificial intelligence and cultivate and expand the artificial intelligence industry to inject new momentum into our country’s economic development.
Artificial intelligence brings new opportunities for social construction. Our country is in the decisive stage of building a moderately prosperous society in all respects, and challenges such as population aging and resource and environmental constraints remain severe. The widespread application of artificial intelligence in education, medical care, elderly care, environmental protection, urban operation, and judicial services will greatly improve the precision of public services and comprehensively enhance the quality of life of the people. Artificial intelligence technology can accurately perceive, predict, and warn of major trends in the operation of infrastructure and social security, grasp changes in collective cognition and psychology in a timely manner, and make proactive decisions and responses, significantly improving the ability and level of social governance, and playing an irreplaceable role in effectively maintaining social stability.
The uncertainties in the development of artificial intelligence bring new challenges. Artificial intelligence is a disruptive technology with a wide impact, which may lead to changes in employment structure, impact legal and social ethics, infringe on personal privacy, and challenge international relations norms, and will have a profound impact on government management, economic security, social stability, and even global governance. While vigorously developing artificial intelligence, we must pay great attention to the potential security risks and challenges it may bring, strengthen proactive prevention and guidance, minimize risks, and ensure the safe, reliable, and controllable development of artificial intelligence.
Our country has a good foundation for the development of artificial intelligence. The country has deployed key national research and development programs such as intelligent manufacturing and issued the “Internet +” artificial intelligence three-year action implementation plan, proposing a series of measures from scientific research and development, application promotion, and industrial development. After years of continuous accumulation, our country has made significant progress in the field of artificial intelligence, ranking second in the world in the number of international scientific papers published and the number of invention patents granted, with important breakthroughs in core key technologies in some fields. Technologies such as speech recognition and visual recognition are world-leading, and preliminary capabilities for adaptive autonomous learning, intuitive perception, comprehensive reasoning, hybrid intelligence, and collective intelligence are emerging, with practical applications gradually entering areas such as Chinese information processing, intelligent monitoring, biometric recognition, industrial robots, service robots, and unmanned driving. The innovation and entrepreneurship in artificial intelligence are becoming increasingly active, with a number of leading enterprises accelerating their growth and gaining widespread attention and recognition internationally. The accelerated accumulation of technological capabilities, massive data resources, huge application demands, and an open market environment have organically combined to form our unique advantages in the development of artificial intelligence.
At the same time, we must also be clear that the overall development level of artificial intelligence in our country still lags behind that of developed countries, lacking significant original achievements, with considerable gaps in basic theories, core algorithms, key devices, high-end chips, major products and systems, basic materials, components, software, and interfaces; research institutions and enterprises have yet to form an internationally influential ecosystem and industrial chain, lacking a systematic advanced research and development layout; the supply of top talents in artificial intelligence is far from meeting demand; and the infrastructure, policies, regulations, and standard systems that adapt to the development of artificial intelligence urgently need to be improved.
In the face of the new situation and new demands, we must actively seek change and respond, firmly grasp the significant historical opportunities for the development of artificial intelligence, closely follow development trends, proactively plan, grasp the direction, seize opportunities, lead the new trend of global artificial intelligence development, serve economic and social development, support national security, and promote the overall leap and rapid development of national competitiveness.
2. Overall Requirements
(1) Guiding Ideology.
Fully implement the spirit of the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China and the Third, Fourth, Fifth, and Sixth Plenary Sessions of the 18th Central Committee, deeply study and implement the series of important speeches by General Secretary Xi Jinping and the new ideas, thoughts, and strategies for governing the country, according to the “five-in-one” overall layout and the “four comprehensives” strategic layout, earnestly implement the decisions and deployments of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council, and deeply implement the innovation-driven development strategy, with the deep integration of artificial intelligence with the economy, society, and national defense as the main line, and enhancing the technological innovation capability of the new generation of artificial intelligence as the main attack direction, developing an intelligent economy, building an intelligent society, maintaining national security, and constructing an ecosystem of interaction and integration among knowledge groups, technology groups, and industry groups, supported by talents, systems, and culture, proactively responding to risks and challenges, promoting intelligence centered on sustainable development of humanity, and comprehensively enhancing social productivity, comprehensive national strength, and national competitiveness, providing strong support for accelerating the construction of an innovative country and a world science and technology power, achieving the “two centenary” struggle goals and the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation.
(2) Basic Principles.
Technology-driven. Grasp the global development trend of artificial intelligence, highlight forward-looking research and development deployment, explore layouts in key frontier fields, and provide long-term support, striving to achieve revolutionary and disruptive breakthroughs in theories, methods, tools, and systems, comprehensively enhancing the original innovation capability of artificial intelligence, accelerating the construction of first-mover advantages, and realizing high-end leading development.
Systematic Layout. Formulate targeted systematic development strategies based on the different characteristics of basic research, technological research and development, industrial development, and industry applications. Fully leverage the advantages of the socialist system in concentrating resources to accomplish major tasks, promote the overall layout of projects, bases, and talents, and ensure the organic connection between already deployed major projects and new tasks, as well as the current urgent needs and long-term development.
Market-led. Follow market rules, adhere to application orientation, highlight the leading role of enterprises in technology route selection and industry product standard formulation, accelerate the commercialization of artificial intelligence scientific and technological achievements, and form competitive advantages. Properly balance the division of labor between government and market, and better play the important role of government in planning guidance, policy support, safety prevention, market regulation, environmental creation, and ethical and legal formulation.
Open-source and Open. Advocate the concept of open-source sharing, promote co-creation and sharing among various innovation entities in industry, academia, and research. Follow the coordinated development rules of economic construction and national defense construction, promote the dual-directional transformation and application of military and civilian scientific and technological achievements, and establish a new pattern of deep integration and development of military and civilian resources. Actively participate in global research and development and governance of artificial intelligence, optimizing the allocation of innovation resources globally.
(3) Strategic Goals.
Three steps:
The first step is to synchronize the overall technology and application of artificial intelligence with the world’s advanced level by 2020, making the artificial intelligence industry a new important economic growth point, and the application of artificial intelligence technology a new way to improve people’s livelihood, strongly supporting the goal of entering the ranks of innovative countries and achieving the goal of building a moderately prosperous society in all respects.
—The theory and technology of the new generation of artificial intelligence will achieve important progress. Significant progress will be made in basic theories and core technologies such as big data intelligence, cross-media intelligence, collective intelligence, hybrid enhanced intelligence, and autonomous intelligent systems, with landmark achievements in artificial intelligence model methods, core components, high-end equipment, and basic software.
—The competitiveness of the artificial intelligence industry will enter the international first echelon. A preliminary artificial intelligence technology standard, service system, and industrial ecological chain will be established, nurturing several globally leading backbone enterprises, with the scale of the core artificial intelligence industry exceeding 150 billion yuan, driving the scale of related industries to exceed 1 trillion yuan.
—The development environment for artificial intelligence will be further optimized, with innovation applications fully launched in key areas, gathering a group of high-level talent teams and innovation teams, and preliminary establishment of ethical norms and policy regulations for artificial intelligence in some fields.
The second step is to achieve major breakthroughs in the basic theories of artificial intelligence by 2025, with some technologies and applications reaching world-leading levels, making artificial intelligence the main driving force for upgrading China’s industry and economic transformation, with positive progress in building an intelligent society.
—The theoretical and technological system of the new generation of artificial intelligence will be initially established, with breakthroughs in artificial intelligence with autonomous learning capabilities, achieving leading research results in multiple fields.
—The artificial intelligence industry will enter the high end of the global value chain. The new generation of artificial intelligence will be widely applied in intelligent manufacturing, intelligent medical care, smart cities, intelligent agriculture, and national defense construction, with the scale of the core artificial intelligence industry exceeding 400 billion yuan, driving the scale of related industries to exceed 5 trillion yuan.
—A preliminary legal, ethical, and policy system for artificial intelligence will be established, forming the capability for safety assessment and control of artificial intelligence.
The third step is to achieve a world-leading level in the overall theory, technology, and application of artificial intelligence by 2030, making it a major center for global artificial intelligence innovation, with significant achievements in intelligent economy and intelligent society, laying an important foundation for ranking among innovative countries and becoming a strong economic power.
—A relatively mature theoretical and technological system for the new generation of artificial intelligence will be formed. Major breakthroughs will be achieved in fields such as brain-like intelligence, autonomous intelligence, hybrid intelligence, and collective intelligence, having significant influence in the field of international artificial intelligence research and occupying the commanding heights of artificial intelligence technology.
—The competitiveness of the artificial intelligence industry will reach an internationally leading level. The breadth and depth of artificial intelligence applications in production, social governance, and national defense construction will be greatly expanded, forming a complete industrial chain and high-end industrial cluster covering core technologies, key systems, supporting platforms, and intelligent applications, with the scale of the core artificial intelligence industry exceeding 1 trillion yuan, driving the scale of related industries to exceed 10 trillion yuan.
—A batch of globally leading scientific and technological innovation and talent training bases for artificial intelligence will be formed, with a more complete legal, ethical, and policy system for artificial intelligence.
(4) Overall Deployment.
Developing artificial intelligence is a complex system engineering that concerns the overall situation. It should be laid out according to “building a system, grasping dual attributes, adhering to the trinity, and strengthening four major supports” to form a strategic path for the healthy and sustainable development of artificial intelligence.
Build an open and collaborative technological innovation system for artificial intelligence. In response to the key difficulties such as weak original theoretical foundations and the lack of major products and systems, establish a new generation of artificial intelligence basic theories and key common technologies system, layout major scientific and technological innovation bases, expand the high-end talent team in artificial intelligence, promote collaborative interaction among innovation entities, and form sustainable innovation capabilities for artificial intelligence.
Grasp the characteristics of the high integration of artificial intelligence’s technological attributes and social attributes. We must increase the research and development and application of artificial intelligence, maximizing its potential, while predicting the challenges posed by artificial intelligence, coordinating industrial policies, innovation policies, and social policies to achieve a balance between incentivizing development and reasonable regulation to minimize risks.
Adhere to the “trinity” approach of artificial intelligence research and development breakthroughs, product applications, and industrial cultivation. Adapt to the characteristics and trends of artificial intelligence development, strengthen the deep integration of the innovation chain and industrial chain, and the interactive evolution of technology supply and market demand. Promote application demonstration to drive technological and system optimization while pushing for technological breakthroughs to promote application and industrial upgrades. While promoting the large-scale application of technology and industrial development, strengthen the medium- and long-term research and development layout and breakthroughs to ensure that we are ahead in theory, occupy the commanding heights in technology, and ensure safe and controllable applications.
Comprehensively support scientific, economic, social development, and national security. Use breakthroughs in artificial intelligence technology to drive the overall enhancement of national innovation capabilities, leading the construction of a world science and technology power; by expanding the intelligent industry and cultivating the intelligent economy, create a new growth cycle for our country’s economic prosperity over the next decade or even several decades; promote the improvement of people’s livelihood through the construction of an intelligent society, implementing the development concept centered on the people; enhance national defense strength with artificial intelligence, ensuring and safeguarding national security.
3. Key Tasks
Based on the overall national development, accurately grasp the global development trend of artificial intelligence, identify breakthroughs and main attack directions, comprehensively enhance the basic capacity for technological innovation, expand the depth and breadth of application in key areas, and improve the level of intelligence in economic and social development and national defense applications.
(1) Build an open and collaborative technological innovation system for artificial intelligence.
Around increasing the source supply of artificial intelligence innovation, strengthen deployment from the frontiers of basic theory, key common technologies, basic platforms, and talent teams, promote open-source sharing, and systematically enhance sustainable innovation capabilities to ensure that our country’s artificial intelligence technology level ranks among the world’s forefront and contributes more to the development of global artificial intelligence.
1. Establish a new generation of artificial intelligence basic theory system.
Focus on major scientific frontiers in artificial intelligence, balancing current needs and long-term development, with a focus on breaking through the bottlenecks of basic theoretical applications in artificial intelligence, proactively layout foundational research that may trigger paradigm shifts in artificial intelligence, and promote interdisciplinary integration, providing strong scientific reserves for the sustainable development and deep application of artificial intelligence.
Break through the bottlenecks of basic application theory. Aim at application goals that are clear and likely to lead to upgrades in artificial intelligence technology, strengthen research on basic theories such as big data intelligence, cross-media perception computing, human-machine hybrid intelligence, collective intelligence, and autonomous collaboration and decision-making. The focus of big data intelligence theory is to break through challenges such as unsupervised learning and comprehensive deep reasoning, establishing a data-driven cognitive computing model centered on natural language understanding, forming capabilities from big data to knowledge and from knowledge to decision-making. The focus of cross-media perception computing theory is to break through low-cost, low-energy intelligent perception, proactive perception in complex scenarios, natural environmental auditory and speech perception, multimedia autonomous learning, etc., achieving superhuman perception and high dynamic, high-dimensional, multi-mode distributed large scene perception. The focus of hybrid enhanced intelligence theory is to break through human-machine collaborative contextual understanding and decision-making learning, intuitive reasoning and causal models, memory and knowledge evolution, achieving hybrid enhanced intelligence that approaches or exceeds human intelligence levels. The focus of collective intelligence theory is to break through the organization, emergence, and learning theories and methods of collective intelligence, establishing expressible and computable collective intelligence incentive algorithms and models, forming an internet-based collective intelligence theory system. The focus of autonomous collaborative control and optimization decision-making theory is to break through collaborative perception and interaction for autonomous unmanned systems, autonomous collaborative control and optimization decision-making, and knowledge-driven human-machine-object three-way collaboration and interoperability, forming an innovative theoretical system architecture for autonomous intelligent unmanned systems.
Layout frontier basic theoretical research. In response to directions that may trigger paradigm shifts in artificial intelligence, proactively layout advanced machine learning, brain-like intelligent computing, quantum intelligent computing, and other interdisciplinary basic theoretical research. The focus of advanced machine learning theory is to break through theories and methods such as adaptive learning and autonomous learning, achieving artificial intelligence with high interpretability and strong generalization capabilities. The focus of brain-like intelligent computing theory is to break through theories of brain-like information encoding, processing, memory, learning, and reasoning, forming theories and methods for brain-like complex systems and brain-inspired cognitive computing models. The focus of quantum intelligent computing theory is to break through quantum-accelerated machine learning methods, establishing a hybrid model of high-performance computing and quantum algorithms, forming an efficient and precise autonomous quantum artificial intelligence system architecture.
Conduct interdisciplinary exploratory research. Promote the interdisciplinary integration of artificial intelligence with related basic disciplines such as neuroscience, cognitive science, quantum science, psychology, mathematics, economics, and sociology, strengthen research on the mathematical foundation theory leading the development of artificial intelligence algorithms and models, focus on the basic theoretical research of legal and ethical issues in artificial intelligence, support strong original and non-consensus exploratory research, encourage scientists to explore freely, bravely tackle cutting-edge scientific challenges in artificial intelligence, propose more original theories, and make more original discoveries.
Column 1 Basic Theory
1. Big Data Intelligence Theory. Research new methods of artificial intelligence that combine data-driven and knowledge-guided approaches, cognitive computing theories and methods centered on natural language understanding and image graphics, comprehensive deep reasoning and creative artificial intelligence theories and methods, foundational theories and frameworks for intelligent decision-making under incomplete information, and general artificial intelligence mathematical models and theories driven by data.
2. Cross-Media Perception Computing Theory. Research perception acquisition that surpasses human visual capabilities, proactive visual perception and computing for the real world, auditory perception and computing for natural acoustic scenes, speech perception and computing for natural interactive environments, humanoid perception and computing for asynchronous sequences, autonomous learning for media intelligent perception, and urban multi-dimensional intelligent perception reasoning engines.
3. Hybrid Enhanced Intelligence Theory. Research hybrid enhanced intelligence with “humans in the loop,” behavior enhancement and brain-machine collaboration of human-machine intelligence, machine intuitive reasoning and causal models, associative memory models and knowledge evolution methods, mixed enhanced intelligence learning methods for complex data and tasks, cloud robot collaborative computing methods, and contextual understanding and human-machine group collaboration in real-world environments.
4. Collective Intelligence Theory. Research the structural theory and organizational methods of collective intelligence, incentive mechanisms and emergence mechanisms of collective intelligence, learning theories and methods of collective intelligence, and general computational paradigms and models of collective intelligence.
5. Autonomous Collaborative Control and Optimization Decision-Making Theory. Research collaborative perception and interaction for autonomous unmanned systems, collaborative control and optimization decision-making for autonomous unmanned systems, and knowledge-driven human-machine-object three-way collaboration and interoperability theories.
6. Advanced Machine Learning Theory. Research statistical learning foundational theories, uncertainty reasoning and decision-making, distributed learning and interaction, privacy-preserving learning, small sample learning, deep reinforcement learning, unsupervised learning, semi-supervised learning, and active learning theories and efficient models.
7. Brain-like Intelligent Computing Theory. Research brain-like perception, brain-like learning, brain-like memory mechanisms and computing integration, brain-like complex systems, and brain-like control theories and methods.
8. Quantum Intelligent Computing Theory. Explore the quantum patterns and internal mechanisms of brain cognition, research efficient quantum intelligent models and algorithms, high-performance high-bit quantum artificial intelligence processors, and real-time quantum artificial intelligence systems that interact with external environments.
2. Establish a new generation of key common technology system for artificial intelligence.
Around the urgent need to enhance our country’s international competitiveness in artificial intelligence, the research and development deployment of key common technologies for the new generation of artificial intelligence should focus on algorithms, be based on data and hardware, and focus on enhancing perception recognition, knowledge computation, cognitive reasoning, motion execution, and human-machine interaction capabilities, forming an open, compatible, stable, and mature technology system.
Knowledge computation engines and knowledge service technologies. Focus on breakthroughs in core technologies for knowledge processing, deep search, and visual interaction, achieving automatic acquisition of continuous incremental knowledge, with capabilities for concept recognition, entity discovery, attribute prediction, knowledge evolution modeling, and relationship mining, forming a cross-media knowledge graph encompassing billions of entities across multiple sources, disciplines, and data types.
Cross-media analysis and reasoning technologies. Focus on breakthroughs in unified representation across media, correlation understanding and knowledge mining, knowledge graph construction and learning, knowledge evolution and reasoning, intelligent description and generation technologies, achieving cross-media knowledge representation, analysis, mining, reasoning, evolution, and utilization, constructing analysis and reasoning engines.
Collective intelligence key technologies. Focus on breakthroughs in collaborative and large-scale cooperative knowledge resource management and open sharing technologies based on the internet, establishing a collective intelligence knowledge representation framework, achieving knowledge acquisition based on collective intelligence perception and collective intelligence fusion and enhancement in open dynamic environments, supporting nationwide collective perception, collaboration, and evolution on a scale of tens of millions.
Hybrid enhanced intelligence new architectures and technologies. Focus on breakthroughs in integrated models of human-machine collaboration in perception and execution, new types of sensors for intelligent computing, and general hybrid computing architectures, constructing hybrid enhanced intelligent systems that autonomously adapt to environments, human-machine group hybrid enhanced intelligent systems, and supporting environments.
Intelligent technologies for autonomous unmanned systems. Focus on breakthroughs in computing architectures for autonomous unmanned systems, complex dynamic scene perception and understanding, real-time precise positioning, and adaptive intelligent navigation for complex environments, core technologies for autonomous control of drones, cars, ships, and rail transit, service robots, and special robots, supporting the application and industrial development of unmanned systems.
Virtual reality intelligent modeling technologies. Focus on breakthroughs in intelligent behavior modeling technologies for virtual objects, enhancing the sociality, diversity, and interactive realism of intelligent objects’ behavior in virtual reality, achieving organic integration and efficient interaction between virtual reality, augmented reality, and artificial intelligence.
Intelligent computing chips and systems. Focus on breakthroughs in high-efficiency, reconfigurable brain-like computing chips and brain-like visual sensors with computing imaging functions, developing efficient brain-like neural network architectures and hardware systems with autonomous learning capabilities, achieving brain-like intelligent systems with multimedia perception information understanding and intelligent growth, and commonsense reasoning capabilities.
Natural language processing technologies. Focus on breakthroughs in core technologies for the grammatical logic, character concept representation, and deep semantic analysis of natural language, promoting effective communication and free interaction between humans and machines, achieving intelligent understanding and automatic generation of natural language across multiple styles, languages, and fields.
Column 2 Key Common Technologies
1. Knowledge computation engines and knowledge service technologies. Research knowledge computing and visual interaction engines, innovative design, digital creativity, and business intelligence technologies centered on visual media, and conduct knowledge discovery for large-scale biological data.
2. Cross-media analysis and reasoning technologies. Research unified representation across media, correlation understanding and knowledge mining, knowledge graph construction and learning, knowledge evolution and reasoning, intelligent description and generation technologies, and develop cross-media analysis and reasoning engines and verification systems.
3. Collective intelligence key technologies. Conduct research on proactive perception and discovery of collective intelligence, knowledge acquisition and generation, collaboration and sharing, assessment and evolution, human-machine integration and enhancement, self-maintenance and safe interaction, and build the service architecture of collective intelligence space, researching collaborative decision-making and control technologies for mobile collective intelligence.
4. Hybrid enhanced intelligence new architectures and technologies. Research core technologies for hybrid enhanced intelligence, cognitive computing frameworks, new hybrid computing architectures, human-machine co-driving, online intelligent learning technologies, and parallel management and control hybrid enhanced intelligence frameworks.
5. Intelligent technologies for autonomous unmanned systems. Research autonomous control technologies for drones, cars, ships, and rail transit, service robots, space robots, marine robots, and polar robots, intelligent technologies for intelligent factories and high-end intelligent control technologies, and autonomous unmanned operating systems. Research autonomous control technologies for robots and robotic arms based on computer vision in complex environments.
6. Virtual reality intelligent modeling technologies. Research mathematical expressions and modeling methods for intelligent behavior of virtual objects, natural, continuous, and in-depth interaction between virtual objects and virtual environments and users, and the technology and method system for intelligent object modeling.
7. Intelligent computing chips and systems. Develop neural network processors and high-efficiency, reconfigurable brain-like computing chips, new types of perception chips and systems, intelligent computing architectures and systems, and artificial intelligence operating systems. Research hybrid computing architectures suitable for artificial intelligence.
8. Natural language processing technologies. Research computational and analytical technologies for short texts, cross-language text mining technologies, and semantic understanding technologies for machine cognitive intelligence, and human-machine dialogue systems for multimedia information understanding.
3. Coordinate the layout of artificial intelligence innovation platforms.
Build and layout artificial intelligence innovation platforms, strengthening the basic support for artificial intelligence research and development applications. The artificial intelligence open-source software and hardware basic platform focuses on supporting knowledge reasoning, probability statistics, deep learning, and other artificial intelligence paradigms, forming an ecological chain that promotes the collaboration of artificial intelligence software, hardware, and intelligent cloud. The collective intelligence service platform focuses on building knowledge resource management and open sharing tools based on large-scale collaboration on the internet, forming a collective intelligence co-creation platform and service environment for innovation in industry, academia, and research. The hybrid enhanced intelligence support platform focuses on building heterogeneous real-time computing engines and new computing clusters that support large-scale training, providing service-oriented and systematic platforms and solutions for complex intelligent computing. The autonomous unmanned systems support platform focuses on building support systems for core technologies such as environmental perception, autonomous collaborative control, and intelligent decision-making in complex environments for autonomous unmanned systems, forming an open, modular, and reconfigurable development and testing environment for autonomous unmanned systems. The artificial intelligence basic data and security testing platform focuses on building public data resource libraries, standard testing data sets, and cloud service platforms for artificial intelligence, forming methods, technologies, standards, and toolsets for testing and evaluating the security of artificial intelligence algorithms and platforms. Promote the open-source of various general software and technology platforms. Various platforms should promote military-civilian sharing and use according to the requirements and relevant regulations of military-civilian deep integration.
Column 3 Basic Support Platforms
1. Artificial intelligence open-source software and hardware basic platform. Establish a big data artificial intelligence open-source software basic platform, an artificial intelligence cloud service platform that coordinates terminals and clouds, new multi-intelligent sensor devices and integrated platforms, new product design platforms based on artificial intelligence hardware, and big data intelligent service platforms in future networks.
2. Collective intelligence service platform. Establish a collective intelligence co-creation computing support platform, a science and technology co-creation service system, an automated development and verification system for collective intelligence software, a learning and innovation system for collective intelligence software, an open environment collective intelligence decision-making system, and a collective intelligence sharing economy service system.
3. Hybrid enhanced intelligence support platform. Establish an artificial intelligence supercomputing center, a large-scale super intelligent computing support environment, an online intelligent education platform, a human-in-the-loop driving brain, an intelligent platform for analyzing complexity and risk assessment in industrial development, and an intelligent security support platform for nuclear power safety operations.
4. Autonomous unmanned systems support platform. Establish a common core technology support platform for autonomous unmanned systems, a support platform for autonomous control of drones, cars, ships, and rail transit, a support platform for service robots, space robots, marine robots, polar robots, and intelligent factories and intelligent control equipment technology support platforms.
5. Artificial intelligence basic data and security testing platform. Build public data resource libraries, standard testing data sets, and cloud service platforms for artificial intelligence, establish models for testing the security of artificial intelligence algorithms and platforms, and develop toolsets for evaluating the security of artificial intelligence algorithms and platforms.
4. Accelerate the cultivation of high-end talents in artificial intelligence.
Building a high-end talent team is a top priority for the development of artificial intelligence, insisting on combining cultivation and introduction, improving the artificial intelligence education system, strengthening talent reserves and team building, especially accelerating the introduction of top global talents and young talents, forming a high ground for artificial intelligence talents in our country.
Cultivate high-level innovative talents and teams in artificial intelligence. Support and cultivate leading talents in artificial intelligence with development potential, strengthen the training of professional technical talents in basic research, application research, and operation and maintenance of artificial intelligence. Focus on cultivating compound talents, especially those who are vertically integrated in artificial intelligence theory, methods, technology, products, and applications, as well as horizontally integrated talents who master “artificial intelligence +” in economics, society, management, standards, and law. Through major research and development tasks and base platform construction, gather high-end talents in artificial intelligence, forming a number of high-level innovative teams in several key fields of artificial intelligence. Encourage and guide domestic innovative talents and teams to strengthen cooperation and interaction with top global artificial intelligence research institutions.
Increase the intensity of introducing high-end artificial intelligence talents. Open special channels and implement special policies to achieve precise introduction of high-end artificial intelligence talents. Focus on introducing top international scientists and high-level innovative teams in fields such as neural cognition, machine learning, autonomous driving, and intelligent robotics. Encourage flexible introduction of artificial intelligence talents through project cooperation, technical consulting, and other means. Make full use of existing talent plans such as the “Thousand Talents Program” to strengthen the introduction of outstanding talents in the field of artificial intelligence, especially outstanding young talents. Improve policies related to the accounting of human capital costs for enterprises, incentivizing enterprises and research institutions to introduce artificial intelligence talents.
Establish artificial intelligence disciplines. Improve the discipline layout in the field of artificial intelligence, set up artificial intelligence majors, promote the construction of first-level disciplines in the field of artificial intelligence, and quickly establish artificial intelligence colleges in pilot universities, increasing the enrollment quotas for doctoral and master’s programs related to artificial intelligence. Encourage universities to broaden the content of artificial intelligence professional education based on existing foundations, forming a new model for cultivating composite majors of “artificial intelligence + X,” emphasizing the interdisciplinary integration of artificial intelligence with mathematics, computer science, physics, biology, psychology, sociology, and law. Strengthen cooperation between industry, academia, and research, encouraging universities, research institutes, and enterprises to collaborate on artificial intelligence discipline construction.
(2) Cultivate a high-end and efficient intelligent economy.
Accelerate the cultivation of artificial intelligence industries with significant leading roles, promote the deep integration of artificial intelligence with various industrial fields, forming an intelligent economy characterized by data-driven, human-machine collaboration, cross-border integration, and co-creation and sharing. Data and knowledge become the primary elements of economic growth, human-machine collaboration becomes the mainstream mode of production and service, cross-border integration becomes an important economic model, co-creation and sharing become basic characteristics of the economic ecology, personalized demand and customization become new consumption trends, productivity is significantly improved, leading industries to move towards the high end of the value chain, effectively supporting the development of the real economy and comprehensively enhancing the quality and efficiency of economic development.
1. Vigorously develop emerging artificial intelligence industries.
Accelerate the transformation and application of key artificial intelligence technologies, promote technological integration and business model innovation, drive intelligent product innovation in key areas, actively cultivate emerging business formats in artificial intelligence, layout the high end of the industrial chain, and create internationally competitive artificial intelligence industry clusters.
Intelligent software and hardware. Develop key basic software such as operating systems, databases, middleware, and development tools for artificial intelligence, break through core hardware such as graphics processors, and research intelligent system solutions for image recognition, speech recognition, machine translation, intelligent interaction, knowledge processing, and control decision-making, cultivating and expanding the basic software and hardware industry for artificial intelligence applications.
Intelligent robots. Overcome core components and specialized sensors for intelligent robots, improve hardware interface standards, software interface protocol standards, and safety usage standards for intelligent robots. Develop intelligent industrial robots and intelligent service robots, achieving large-scale applications and entering international markets. Develop and promote special intelligent robots such as space robots, marine robots, and polar robots. Establish a standard system and safety rules for intelligent robots.
Intelligent transportation tools. Develop autonomous vehicles and rail transit systems, strengthen the integration and matching of onboard perception, autonomous driving, vehicle networking, and internet of things technologies, develop intelligent perception systems for transportation, forming an independent autonomous driving platform technology system and product assembly capabilities, exploring sharing models for autonomous vehicles. Develop consumer and commercial unmanned aerial vehicles and unmanned vessels, establishing specialized service systems for testing, certification, and competition, and improving airspace and waterway management measures.
Virtual reality and augmented reality. Break through key technologies for high-performance software modeling, content shooting and generation, augmented reality and human-machine interaction, and integrated environments and tools, develop virtual display devices, optical devices, high-performance true three-dimensional displays, and development engines, establishing technical, product, service standards, and evaluation systems for virtual reality and augmented reality, promoting integrated applications in key industries.
Intelligent terminals. Accelerate the research and development of core technologies and products for intelligent terminals, develop new generation smartphones, onboard intelligent terminals, and other mobile intelligent terminal products and devices, encourage the development of wearable terminal products such as smartwatches, smart headphones, and smart glasses, expanding product forms and application services.
Basic components for the internet of things. Develop high-sensitivity and high-reliability intelligent sensors and chips that support the new generation of the internet of things, overcoming core technologies such as radio frequency identification, near-field machine communication, and key components such as low-power processors.
2. Accelerate the intelligent upgrading of industries.
Promote innovation and integration between artificial intelligence and various industries, conducting pilot demonstrations of artificial intelligence applications in key industries and fields such as manufacturing, agriculture, logistics, finance, commerce, and home living, promoting large-scale applications of artificial intelligence, and comprehensively improving the level of intelligent development in industries.
Intelligent manufacturing. In response to the major demands of becoming a manufacturing power, promote the integrated application of key technologies and equipment for intelligent manufacturing, core supporting software, and industrial internet systems, research intelligent products and intelligent interconnected products, intelligent manufacturing enabling tools and systems, and intelligent manufacturing cloud service platforms, promoting new manufacturing models such as process intelligent manufacturing, discrete intelligent manufacturing, networked collaborative manufacturing, remote diagnosis, and operation and maintenance services, establishing an intelligent manufacturing standard system, and promoting the intelligentization of the entire lifecycle of manufacturing activities.
Intelligent agriculture. Research intelligent sensing and control systems for agriculture, intelligent agricultural equipment, and autonomous systems for agricultural machinery operations. Establish a comprehensive intelligent agricultural information remote sensing monitoring network. Establish typical agricultural big data intelligent decision-making analysis systems, conducting integrated application demonstrations such as smart farms, intelligent plant factories, smart pastures, smart fishing grounds, smart orchards, intelligent workshops for agricultural product processing, and green intelligent supply chains for agricultural products.
Intelligent logistics. Strengthen the research and promotion of intelligent logistics equipment for intelligent loading and unloading, handling, sorting, packaging, and processing and distribution, building intelligent warehousing systems with deep perception, improving the level and efficiency of warehousing operation management. Improve public information platforms and command systems for intelligent logistics, product quality certification, and traceability systems, and intelligent distribution scheduling systems.
Intelligent finance. Establish financial big data systems, enhancing the ability to process and understand multimedia data in finance. Innovate intelligent financial products and services, developing new business formats in finance. Encourage the financial industry to apply technologies and equipment such as intelligent customer service and intelligent monitoring. Establish intelligent warning and prevention systems for financial risks.
Intelligent commerce. Encourage the application of new technologies such as cross-media analysis and reasoning, knowledge computation engines, and knowledge services in the commerce field, promoting new intelligent business services and decision-making systems based on artificial intelligence. Build cross-media big data platforms covering geographical locations, online media, and urban basic data, supporting enterprises in conducting intelligent commerce. Encourage the provision of customized business intelligence decision-making services around personal needs and enterprise management.
Intelligent home living. Strengthen the integration and application of artificial intelligence technology with home building systems, enhancing the intelligent level of building equipment and home products. Research family interconnection protocols and interface standards that adapt to different application scenarios, improving the perception and connectivity capabilities of home products such as home appliances and durable goods. Support intelligent home enterprises in innovating service models and providing interconnected sharing solutions.
3. Vigorously develop intelligent enterprises.
Promote large-scale intelligent upgrading of enterprises. Support and guide enterprises to apply new artificial intelligence technologies in core business processes such as design, production, management, logistics, and marketing, constructing new organizational structures and operational methods for enterprises, forming a business model that integrates manufacturing and services, and intelligent finance, developing personalized customization, and expanding the supply of intelligent products. Encourage large internet enterprises to build cloud manufacturing platforms and service platforms, providing online key industrial software and model libraries to manufacturing enterprises, and conducting manufacturing capacity outsourcing services to promote the intelligent development of small and medium-sized enterprises.
Promote the application demonstration of intelligent factories. Strengthen the application demonstration of key technologies and systematic methods for intelligent factories, focusing on promoting production line reconstruction and dynamic intelligent scheduling, intelligent interconnection of production equipment and cloud-based data collection, multidimensional human-machine-object collaboration and interoperability technologies, encouraging and guiding enterprises to build factory big data systems and networked distributed production facilities, achieving the networking of production equipment, visualization of production data, transparency of production processes, and unmanned production sites, enhancing the intelligent level of factory operation management.
Accelerate the cultivation of leading enterprises in the artificial intelligence industry. Rapidly build global leading companies and brands in artificial intelligence in advantageous fields such as drones, speech recognition, and image recognition. Accelerate the cultivation of a number of leading enterprises in emerging fields such as intelligent robots, intelligent vehicles, wearable devices, and virtual reality. Support artificial intelligence enterprises in strengthening patent layouts, leading or participating in the formulation of international standards. Promote domestic advantageous enterprises, industry organizations, scientific research institutions, and universities to jointly establish a Chinese artificial intelligence industry technology innovation alliance. Support leading enterprises in building open-source hardware factories and open-source software platforms, forming an innovation ecology that gathers various resources, promoting the development of small and micro artificial intelligence enterprises and applications in various fields. Support various institutions and platforms in providing specialized services to artificial intelligence enterprises.
4. Build high grounds for artificial intelligence innovation.
Based on the foundation and advantages of various regions, categorize and layout related industries according to artificial intelligence application fields. Encourage localities to gather high-end factors, high-end enterprises, and high-end talents around the artificial intelligence industry chain and innovation chain, building artificial intelligence industry clusters and innovation high grounds.
Conduct pilot demonstrations of artificial intelligence innovation applications. In regions with good foundations and great potential for artificial intelligence, organize national artificial intelligence innovation experiments, exploring major reforms in institutional mechanisms, policies and regulations, and talent cultivation, promoting the transformation of artificial intelligence achievements, innovation and demonstration applications of major products, forming replicable and scalable experiences, and leading the development of intelligent economy and intelligent society.
Build national artificial intelligence industrial parks. Rely on national autonomous innovation demonstration zones and national high-tech industrial development zones and other innovative carriers, strengthen the optimization and combination of elements such as science and technology, talent, finance, and policies, and accelerate the cultivation and construction of artificial intelligence industry innovation clusters.
Build national artificial intelligence co-creation bases. Rely on areas where universities and research institutes engaged in artificial intelligence research are concentrated, build specialized innovation platforms in the field of artificial intelligence and other new entrepreneurial service institutions, establishing a batch of low-cost, convenient, all-element, open co-creation spaces for artificial intelligence, improving the incubation service system, promoting the transfer and transformation of artificial intelligence scientific and technological achievements, and supporting artificial intelligence innovation and entrepreneurship.
(3) Build a safe and convenient intelligent society.
Around the goal of improving people’s living standards and quality, accelerate the deep application of artificial intelligence, forming an intelligent environment that is ubiquitous, with the overall level of intelligence in society significantly improved. More and more simple, repetitive, and dangerous tasks are completed by artificial intelligence, maximizing individual creativity, creating more high-quality and comfortable jobs; precision intelligent services are more abundant and diverse, allowing people to enjoy high-quality services and convenient lives to the greatest extent; the level of social governance is greatly enhanced, and social operations are safer and more efficient.
1. Develop convenient and efficient intelligent services.
Around urgent livelihood needs in education, healthcare, and elderly care, accelerate the innovative application of artificial intelligence, providing the public with personalized, diversified, and high-quality services.
Intelligent education. Utilize intelligent technology to accelerate the reform of talent cultivation models and teaching methods, building a new education system that includes intelligent learning and interactive learning. Carry out intelligent campus construction, promoting the full-process application of artificial intelligence in teaching, management, and resource construction. Develop comprehensive teaching environments based on big data intelligence and online learning education platforms. Develop intelligent education assistants, establishing intelligent, fast, and comprehensive education analysis systems. Establish a learner-centered education environment, providing precision-pushed educational services, achieving customization in daily education and lifelong education.
Intelligent healthcare. Promote the application of new models and means of intelligent medical treatment, establishing a fast and precise intelligent medical system. Explore the construction of smart hospitals, developing human-machine collaborative surgical robots, intelligent diagnostic assistants, and flexible wearable, biocompatible physiological monitoring systems, developing intelligent imaging recognition, pathological typing, and intelligent multidisciplinary consultation schemes. Conduct large-scale genomic identification, proteomics, metabolomics, and new drug research based on artificial intelligence, promoting the intelligentization of medical supervision. Strengthen intelligent monitoring and prevention of epidemics.
Intelligent health and elderly care. Strengthen collective intelligent health management, breaking through key technologies for health big data analysis and the internet of things, developing health management wearable devices and family intelligent health monitoring devices, promoting the transition of health management from point monitoring to continuous monitoring and from short-process management to long-process management. Build intelligent elderly care communities and institutions, constructing a safe and convenient intelligent elderly care infrastructure system. Enhance the intelligentization of products for the elderly and the adaptation of intelligent products for the elderly, developing assistive devices for hearing and vision, physical assistance devices, and intelligent home elderly care equipment, expanding the activity space for the elderly. Develop mobile social and service platforms for the elderly, emotional companionship assistants, and enhance the quality of life for the elderly.
2. Promote the intelligentization of social governance.
Around the hot and difficult issues of social governance such as administrative management, judicial management, urban management, and environmental protection, promote the application of artificial intelligence technologies, advancing the modernization of social governance.
Intelligent government affairs. Develop artificial intelligence platforms suitable for government services and decision-making, research decision engines for open environments, and promote applications in major strategic decisions such as complex social problem assessments, policy evaluations, risk warnings, and emergency responses. Strengthen the integration of government information resources and accurate forecasting of public demands, facilitating smooth interaction channels between government and the public.
Smart courts. Build a smart court data platform that integrates trial, personnel, data applications, judicial openness, and dynamic monitoring, promoting the application of artificial intelligence in evidence collection, case analysis, and legal document reading and analysis, achieving intelligentization of the court trial system and trial capabilities.
Smart cities. Construct intelligent infrastructure for cities, develop intelligent buildings, and promote the intelligent upgrading of municipal infrastructure such as underground pipelines; build urban big data platforms, constructing urban operation management systems that fuse diverse and heterogeneous data, achieving comprehensive perception of urban infrastructure and important ecological elements such as urban green spaces and wetlands, and deep understanding of the operation of complex urban systems; develop community public service information systems, promoting collaboration between community service systems and residents’ intelligent home systems; advance the intelligentization of the entire lifecycle of urban planning, construction, management, and operation.
Intelligent transportation. Research and establish a technical system for automatic driving of operational vehicles and vehicle-road collaboration. Develop a comprehensive big data application platform for multi-dimensional traffic information in complex scenarios, achieving intelligent traffic guidance and comprehensive operational coordination and command, building intelligent traffic monitoring, management, and service systems covering ground, rail, low-altitude, and maritime domains.
Intelligent environmental protection. Establish intelligent monitoring big data platform systems covering air, water, soil, and other environmental fields, building intelligent environmental monitoring networks and service platforms that integrate land and sea, sky and earth, up and down, and information sharing. Develop intelligent prediction models and methods for resource and energy consumption and environmental pollutant emissions, and establish intelligent prevention and control systems for environmental protection and emergencies in major national strategic areas such as Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei and the Yangtze River Economic Belt.
3. Utilize artificial intelligence to enhance public safety capabilities.
Promote the deep application of artificial intelligence in the public safety field, promoting the construction of intelligent monitoring, warning, and control systems for public safety. Around urgent needs such as comprehensive social governance, new-type crime investigation, and anti-terrorism, develop intelligent security and police products that integrate various detection sensor technologies, video image information analysis and recognition technologies, and biometric recognition technologies, establishing intelligent monitoring platforms. Strengthen the intelligent upgrading of security equipment in key public areas, supporting communities or cities with conditions to carry out intelligent public security area demonstrations based on artificial intelligence. Enhance the role of artificial intelligence in ensuring food safety, establishing intelligent food safety warning systems around food classification, warning levels, safety hazards, and assessments. Strengthen the effective monitoring of natural disasters by artificial intelligence, constructing intelligent monitoring, warning, and comprehensive response platforms for major natural disasters such as earthquakes, geological disasters, meteorological disasters, floods and droughts, and marine disasters.
4. Promote social interaction, sharing, and mutual trust.
Fully leverage the role of artificial intelligence technology in enhancing social interaction and promoting trustworthy communication. Strengthen the research and development of next-generation social networks, accelerate the promotion of augmented reality, virtual reality, and other technologies, promoting the collaborative integration of virtual and physical environments, meeting real-time information needs for personal perception, analysis, judgment, and decision-making, achieving smooth transitions in various scenarios such as work, learning, life, and entertainment. In response to the demand for improving interpersonal communication barriers, develop intelligent assistant products with emotional interaction functions that can accurately understand human needs, achieving a virtuous cycle of emotional communication and need fulfillment. Promote the integration of blockchain technology with artificial intelligence, establishing a new social credit system, minimizing interpersonal communication costs and risks.
(5) Strengthen military-civilian integration in the field of artificial intelligence.
Deeply implement the military-civilian integration development strategy, promoting the formation of a comprehensive, multi-field, and high-efficiency artificial intelligence military-civilian integration pattern. Deploy the research and development of the new generation of artificial intelligence basic theories and key common technologies with military-civilian sharing and use as the guide, establishing a normalized communication and coordination mechanism among research institutes, universities, enterprises, and military units. Promote the dual-directional transformation of artificial intelligence technology between military and civilian uses, strengthening the support of the new generation of artificial intelligence technology for command decision-making, military simulations, and national defense equipment, guiding the transformation and application of artificial intelligence scientific and technological achievements in the national defense field to civilian uses. Encourage advantageous civilian scientific research forces to participate in major scientific and technological innovation tasks in the national defense field, rapidly embedding various artificial intelligence technologies into national defense innovation fields. Strengthen the establishment of a common standard system for military-civilian artificial intelligence technology, promoting the coordinated layout and open sharing of scientific and technological innovation platforms and bases.
(6) Build a ubiquitous, safe, and efficient intelligent infrastructure system.
Vigorously promote the construction of intelligent information infrastructure, enhancing the intelligent level of traditional infrastructure, forming an infrastructure system that meets the needs of intelligent economy, intelligent society, and national defense construction. Accelerate the promotion of digital and networked information infrastructure centered on information transmission, transitioning to intelligent information infrastructure that integrates perception, transmission, storage, computing, and processing. Optimize and upgrade network infrastructure, research and layout fifth-generation mobile communication (5G) systems, improve internet of things infrastructure, accelerate the construction of integrated information networks, and enhance transmission capabilities with low latency and high throughput. Coordinate the use of big data infrastructure, strengthen data security and privacy protection, providing massive data support for the research and development and widespread application of artificial intelligence. Build high-performance computing infrastructure, enhancing the service support capabilities of supercomputing centers for artificial intelligence applications. Construct a distributed efficient energy internet, forming a new energy network that supports multi-energy coordination and complementarity and timely and effective access, promoting intelligent energy storage facilities and intelligent electricity use facilities, achieving real-time matching of energy supply and demand information and intelligent responses.
Column 4 Intelligent Infrastructure
1. Network infrastructure. Accelerate the layout of real-time collaborative artificial intelligence 5G enhancement technology research and application, build high-precision navigation and positioning networks for space collaborative artificial intelligence, strengthen the research and construction of core technologies for intelligent perception internet of things, develop industrial internet that supports intelligentization, and vehicle networking for autonomous driving, and research intelligent network security architectures. Accelerate the construction of integrated information networks that combine space-based information networks, future internet, and mobile communication networks.
2. Big data infrastructure. Rely on national data sharing and exchange platforms, data open platforms, and other public infrastructure, build big data basic information databases for government governance, public services, industrial development, and technological research and development, supporting the application of national governance big data. Integrate various social data platforms and data center resources, forming an integrated service capability that covers the entire country, with reasonable layout and smooth connections.
3. High-performance computing infrastructure. Continue to strengthen the construction of supercomputing infrastructure, distributed computing infrastructure, and cloud computing centers, building a sustainable high-performance computing application ecological environment. Promote the research and application of the next generation of supercomputers.
(6) Forward-looking layout of major scientific and technological projects for the new generation of artificial intelligence.
In response to the urgent needs and weaknesses of our country’s artificial intelligence development, establish major scientific and technological projects for the new generation of artificial intelligence. Strengthen overall coordination, clarify task boundaries and research and development focuses, forming a project group centered on major scientific and technological projects for the new generation of artificial intelligence, supported by existing research and development layouts.
“1” refers to major scientific and technological projects for the new generation of artificial intelligence, focusing on forward-looking layouts of basic theories and key common technologies, including research on big data intelligence, cross-media perception computing, hybrid enhanced intelligence, collective intelligence, autonomous collaborative control and decision-making theories, research on knowledge computation engines and knowledge service technologies, cross-media analysis and reasoning technologies, collective intelligence key technologies, hybrid enhanced intelligence new architectures and technologies, and autonomous unmanned control technologies, and open-source sharing of artificial intelligence basic theories and common technologies. Continuously carry out predictions and assessments of artificial intelligence development, strengthening research on the comprehensive impact of artificial intelligence on economic and social aspects and countermeasures.
“N” refers to artificial intelligence research and development projects deployed in national relevant plans, focusing on strengthening the connection with major scientific and technological projects for the new generation of artificial intelligence, and collaboratively promoting theoretical research, technological breakthroughs, and product research and development applications of artificial intelligence. Strengthen the connection with national major scientific and technological special projects, supporting the development of artificial intelligence software and hardware in major special projects such as “nuclear high base” (core electronic devices, high-end general chips, basic software) and integrated circuit equipment. Strengthen mutual support with other “Science and Technology Innovation 2030 – Major Projects,” accelerating research in brain science and brain-like computing, quantum information and quantum computing, intelligent manufacturing and robotics, big data, etc., to provide support for major technological breakthroughs in artificial intelligence. National key research and development plans continue to promote the implementation of key special projects such as high-performance computing, increasing support for the research and application of technologies related to artificial intelligence; the National Natural Science Foundation strengthens support for interdisciplinary research and free exploration in the frontier field of artificial intelligence. In major projects such as deep-sea space stations and health protection, as well as key special projects in national key research and development plans such as smart cities and intelligent agricultural machinery, strengthen the application demonstration of artificial intelligence technologies. Research results in basic theories and common technologies related to artificial intelligence supported by various scientific and technological plans should be open and shared.
Innovate the organization and implementation model of major scientific and technological projects for the new generation of artificial intelligence, adhering to the principles of concentrating efforts on major tasks and achieving key breakthroughs, fully leveraging the role of market mechanisms, mobilizing various forces from departments, localities, enterprises, and society to jointly promote implementation. Clarify management responsibilities, conduct regular evaluations, strengthen dynamic adjustments, and improve management efficiency.
4. Resource Allocation
Fully utilize existing funds, bases, and other stock resources, coordinate the allocation of international and domestic innovation resources, effectively guide the role of fiscal investment and policy incentives, and lead the market to allocate resources, leveraging enterprises and society to increase investment, forming a new pattern of support from fiscal funds, financial capital, and social capital.
(1) Establish a funding support mechanism guided by finance and led by the market.
Coordinate multi-channel funding inputs from the government and the market, increase fiscal funding support, activate existing resources, and provide support for fundamental frontier research, key common technology breakthroughs, achievement transfer and transformation, base platform construction, and innovative application demonstrations in artificial intelligence. Utilize existing government investment funds to support eligible artificial intelligence projects, encourage leading enterprises and industry innovation alliances to take the lead in establishing market-oriented artificial intelligence development funds. Utilize various channels such as angel investment, venture capital, entrepreneurial investment funds, and capital market financing to guide social capital to support artificial intelligence development. Actively utilize government and social capital cooperation models to guide social capital to participate in the implementation of major artificial intelligence projects and the transformation and application of scientific and technological achievements.
(2) Optimize the layout and construction of artificial intelligence innovation bases.
According to the layout and framework of national-level scientific and technological innovation bases, comprehensively promote the construction of several internationally leading innovation bases in the field of artificial intelligence. Guide existing national key laboratories, enterprise national key laboratories, national engineering laboratories, and other bases related to artificial intelligence to focus on the forefront directions of the new generation of artificial intelligence for research. According to established procedures, with enterprises as the main body, industry-academia-research cooperation to establish relevant technology and industry innovation bases in the field of artificial intelligence, leveraging the role of leading enterprises in demonstrating technological innovation. Develop specialized co-creation spaces in the field of artificial intelligence, promoting precise alignment of the latest technological achievements, resources, and services. Fully leverage the role of various innovation bases in gathering talent, funding, and other innovation resources, breaking through the basic frontier theories and key common technologies of artificial intelligence, and conducting application demonstrations.
(3) Coordinate international and domestic innovation resources.
Support domestic artificial intelligence enterprises to cooperate with leading international artificial intelligence universities, research institutions, and teams. Encourage domestic artificial intelligence enterprises to “go out,” providing convenience and services for capable artificial intelligence enterprises to carry out overseas mergers and acquisitions, equity investments, entrepreneurial investments, and establish overseas research and development centers. Encourage foreign artificial intelligence enterprises and research institutions to establish research and development centers in China. Relying on the “Belt and Road” strategy, promote the construction of international scientific and technological cooperation bases and joint research centers for artificial intelligence, accelerating the promotion and application of artificial intelligence technologies in countries along the “Belt and Road.” Promote the establishment of international organizations for artificial intelligence, jointly formulating relevant international standards. Support relevant industry associations, alliances, and service institutions to build globalized service platforms for artificial intelligence enterprises.
5. Safeguards
Around the realistic requirements for promoting the healthy and rapid development of artificial intelligence in our country, properly respond to the challenges that artificial intelligence may bring, form institutional arrangements that adapt to the development of artificial intelligence, and build an open and inclusive international environment, solidifying the social foundation for the development of artificial intelligence.
(1) Formulate laws, regulations, and ethical norms to promote the development of artificial intelligence.
Strengthen research on legal, ethical, and social issues related to artificial intelligence, establishing a legal and ethical framework to ensure the healthy development of artificial intelligence. Conduct research on legal issues related to civil and criminal liability, privacy and property protection, information security utilization, etc., related to artificial intelligence applications, establishing traceability and accountability systems, clarifying legal subjects of artificial intelligence and related rights, obligations, and responsibilities. Focus on sub-fields such as autonomous driving and service robots with good application foundations, accelerating the research and formulation of relevant safety management regulations, laying a legal foundation for the rapid application of new technologies. Conduct research on behavioral science and ethics of artificial intelligence, establishing multi-level judgment structures for ethical norms and ethical frameworks for human-machine collaboration. Formulate ethical norms and codes of conduct for artificial intelligence product research and design personnel, strengthening assessments of potential harms and benefits of artificial intelligence, and constructing solutions for emergencies in complex scenarios of artificial intelligence. Actively participate in global governance of artificial intelligence, strengthening research on significant common international issues such as robot alienation and safety regulation, deepening international cooperation in artificial intelligence laws, regulations, and international rules to jointly address global challenges.
(2) Improve key policies to support the development of artificial intelligence.
Implement fiscal and tax incentive policies for small and medium-sized artificial intelligence enterprises and startups, supporting the development of artificial intelligence enterprises through tax incentives for high-tech enterprises and additional deductions for research and development expenses. Improve and implement data openness and protection policies, conducting pilot reforms for the open utilization of public data, supporting the public and enterprises to fully explore the commercial value of public data, promoting innovation in artificial intelligence applications. Research and improve policy systems for education, healthcare, insurance, and social assistance that adapt to artificial intelligence, effectively addressing social issues brought about by artificial intelligence.
(3) Establish a technology standard and intellectual property system for artificial intelligence.
Strengthen research on the framework system of artificial intelligence standards. Adhere to principles of safety, usability, interoperability, and traceability, gradually establishing and improving technical standards for basic common, interconnectivity, industry applications, network security, and privacy protection of artificial intelligence. Accelerate the promotion of industry associations and alliances in subdivided application fields such as autonomous driving and service robots to formulate relevant standards. Encourage artificial intelligence enterprises to participate in or lead the formulation of international standards, promoting the overseas promotion and application of artificial intelligence products and services through technical standards. Strengthen intellectual property protection in the field of artificial intelligence, improving the interactive support mechanisms for technological innovation, patent protection, and standardization in the field of artificial intelligence, promoting the intellectual property of artificial intelligence innovation achievements. Establish a public patent pool for artificial intelligence, promoting the utilization and diffusion of new technologies in artificial intelligence.
(4) Establish a safety regulation and evaluation system for artificial intelligence.
Strengthen research and evaluation of the impact of artificial intelligence on national security and confidentiality, improving a safety protection system that integrates human, technology, material, and management, constructing a safety monitoring and warning mechanism for artificial intelligence. Strengthen predictions, assessments, and tracking research on the development of artificial intelligence technology, adhering to a problem-oriented approach, accurately grasping technological and industrial development trends. Enhance risk awareness, emphasizing risk assessment and prevention, strengthening proactive prevention and guidance, focusing on the impact on employment in the short term and considering the impact on social ethics in the long term, ensuring that the development of artificial intelligence is regulated within a safe and controllable range. Establish a transparent regulatory system for artificial intelligence, implementing a dual-layer regulatory structure that emphasizes design accountability and application supervision, achieving full-process supervision of artificial intelligence algorithm design, product development, and achievement applications. Promote industry and enterprise self-regulation in artificial intelligence, effectively strengthening management, and increasing penalties for behaviors such as data abuse, invasion of personal privacy, and violation of ethical norms. Strengthen the research and development of network security technologies for artificial intelligence, enhancing network security protection for artificial intelligence products and systems. Construct a dynamic evaluation mechanism for the research and application of artificial intelligence, developing systematic testing methods and indicator systems around the complexity, riskiness, uncertainty, explainability, and potential economic impact of artificial intelligence design, products, and systems, building cross-domain testing platforms for artificial intelligence, promoting safety certification for artificial intelligence, and evaluating key performance of artificial intelligence products and systems.
(5) Vigorously strengthen labor training in artificial intelligence.
Accelerate research on the changes in employment structure and modes brought about by artificial intelligence, as well as the skills required for new types of jobs and positions, establishing a lifelong learning and employment training system that meets the needs of intelligent economy and society, supporting higher education institutions, vocational schools, and social training institutions to carry out artificial intelligence skills training, significantly enhancing the professional skills of employed individuals, meeting the demand for high-skilled, high-quality jobs brought by the development of artificial intelligence in our country. Encourage enterprises and various institutions to provide artificial intelligence skills training for employees. Strengthen re-employment training and guidance for workers, ensuring smooth transition for workers engaged in simple and repetitive jobs and those unemployed due to artificial intelligence.
(6) Widely carry out popular science activities in artificial intelligence.
Support various forms of popular science activities in artificial intelligence, encouraging a wide range of scientific and technological workers to engage in popularization and promotion of artificial intelligence, comprehensively improving the overall awareness and application level of artificial intelligence in society. Implement a nationwide intelligent education project, setting up artificial intelligence-related courses at the primary and secondary school levels, gradually promoting programming education, and encouraging social forces to participate in the development and promotion of entertaining and educational programming teaching software and games. Build and improve the infrastructure for popular science in artificial intelligence, fully leveraging the popular science role of various artificial intelligence innovation base platforms, encouraging artificial intelligence enterprises and research institutions to build open-source platforms, making artificial intelligence research and development platforms, production facilities, or exhibition halls open to the public. Support artificial intelligence competitions and encourage various forms of popular science creation in artificial intelligence. Encourage scientists to participate in popular science in artificial intelligence.
6. Organization and Implementation
The new generation of artificial intelligence development plan is a forward-looking plan that relates to the overall situation and long-term development. It is necessary to strengthen organizational leadership, improve mechanisms, aim at goals, closely monitor tasks, and implement them effectively with a spirit of perseverance, executing a blueprint to the end.
(1) Organizational leadership.
According to the unified deployment of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council, the National Leading Group for Science and Technology System Reform and Innovation Construction will take the lead in coordinating and overseeing, reviewing major tasks, policies, issues, and key work arrangements, promoting the construction of laws and regulations related to artificial intelligence, guiding, coordinating, and supervising relevant departments to implement planning tasks. Relying on the inter-ministerial joint meeting for the management of national science and technology plans (special projects, funds, etc.), the Ministry of Science and Technology, in conjunction with relevant departments, is responsible for promoting the implementation of major scientific and technological projects for the new generation of artificial intelligence, strengthening coordination with other planned tasks. Establish an office for promoting the artificial intelligence plan, located in the Ministry of Science and Technology, specifically responsible for promoting the implementation of the plan. Establish a strategic advisory committee for artificial intelligence, researching forward-looking and strategic major issues in artificial intelligence, providing consulting and evaluation for major decisions in artificial intelligence. Promote the construction of artificial intelligence think tanks, supporting various think tanks to carry out research on major issues in artificial intelligence, providing strong intellectual support for the development of artificial intelligence.
(2) Guarantee implementation.
Strengthen the decomposition of planning tasks, clarify responsible units and progress arrangements, and formulate annual and phased implementation plans. Establish monitoring and evaluation mechanisms for the implementation of the plan, such as annual evaluations and mid-term evaluations. Adapt to the rapid development characteristics of artificial intelligence, strengthening dynamic adjustments based on task progress, completion of phase goals, and new technological development trends.
(3) Pilot demonstrations.
For major tasks and key policy measures in artificial intelligence, specific plans should be formulated to carry out pilot demonstrations. Strengthen overall guidance on pilot demonstrations in various departments and localities, and timely summarize and promote replicable experiences and practices. Through pilot initiatives and demonstration leadership, promote the healthy and orderly development of artificial intelligence.
(4) Public opinion guidance.
Fully utilize various traditional and emerging media to timely publicize new developments and achievements in artificial intelligence, making the healthy development of artificial intelligence a consensus throughout society, mobilizing active participation and support from the entire society for the development of artificial intelligence. Timely carry out public opinion guidance to better respond to the social, ethical, and legal challenges that may arise from the development of artificial intelligence.
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